Engine for motorcycle

ABSTRACT

An engine for a motorcycle includes an engine case, a crankshaft rotatably supported within the engine case and extending laterally, an intermediate shaft being substantially parallel to the crankshaft and being rotated by the crankshaft at the same speed via a primary drive gear and a primary driven gear, a transmission input shaft being substantially parallel to the intermediate shaft and being rotated by the intermediate shaft at reduced speed via a secondary drive gear and a secondary driven gear, a transmission output shaft being substantially parallel to the transmission input shaft and being rotated by the transmission input shaft at changed speed via any combination of a plurality of transmission drive gears and transmission driven gears, and a clutch unit disposed on the intermediate shaft and capable of transmitting and interrupting rotation of the intermediate shaft to the transmission input shaft.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an engine for a motorcycle having animproved arrangement of a rotating shaft, a clutch unit, gears, andother units in an engine case.

2. Related Art

Conventional examples are disclosed in Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. 4-282054 (patent publication 1) and No.2005-016511 (patent publication 2).

An engine described in the patent publication 1 includes a transmissioninput shaft (counter shaft) and a transmission output shaft (driveshaft) which are disposed in parallel to each other and rotatablysupported behind a crankshaft. The crankshaft is rotatably supported ina front portion in an engine case and extends laterally. The engine alsoincludes a clutch unit disposed on a right end of the transmission inputshaft. A small-diameter primary drive gear disposed on the crankshaftmeshes with a large-diameter primary driven gear disposed on the clutchunit. The rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the clutch unitat reduced speed and, via the clutch unit, transmitted to thetransmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft.

The rotation of the transmission output shaft is transmitted to alongitudinally extending final output shaft via a bevel gear mechanismand is then transmitted to a rear wheel by means of drive shaftconnected to the rear portion of the final output shaft. The bevel gearmechanism and the final output shaft are incorporated in a bevel gearhousing disposed on a left side of the engine case.

The transmission input shaft has a hollow structure in which a clutchrelease rod is inserted. A clutch release mechanism mounted on anextension of a left end of the transmission input shaft serves toconnect and disconnect the clutch unit through the clutch release rod.The clutch release mechanism is mounted on the bevel gear housing. Theclutch release rod passes through the bevel gear housing.

An engine described in patent publication 2 has a structure in which abalancer shaft, a transmission input shaft, and a transmission outputshaft are rotatably supported in parallel behind a crankshaft. Therotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the balance shaft at thesame speed, the rotation of the balancer shaft is transmitted to aclutch unit disposed on the transmission input shaft at a reduced speed,and the rotation of the clutch unit is transmitted to the transmissioninput shaft and the transmission output shaft.

However, for the engine described in patent publication 1, since therotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the clutch unit at thereduced speed, a shaft torque acting on the clutch unit becomes large.This results in the increasing of the capacity (dimensions) of theclutch unit, thus causing a problem in which the clutch actuation forceis inevitably large and the size of the engine case is increased.

In addition, since the clutch unit is disposed on the right end of thetransmission input shaft in this engine, both the primary driven geardisposed on the clutch unit and the primary drive gear meshing with theprimary driven gear are situated in the rightmost side in the enginecase, and therefore, only a clutch cover on the right side of the enginecase is present between both gears and the outside thereof. As a result,noise caused by the engagement of the primary driven gear and theprimary drive gear is propagated to the outside, and quietness of theengine is hence degraded.

Moreover, since the clutch unit is mounted on one end of thetransmission input shaft, the clutch release mechanism on the other endof the transmission input shaft interferes with the bevel gear housingpositioned behind the clutch release mechanism. Therefore, the clutchrelease mechanism is required to be set outside the bevel gear housing.This causes a problem in which the size of the engine case is increasedlaterally.

For the engine described in patent publication 2, although the rotationof the crankshaft is transmitted to the balancer shaft at the samespeed, the rotation of the balancer shaft is transmitted to the clutchunit at the reduced speed. Therefore, the rotation torque acting on theclutch unit becomes large, which requires an increase in the capacity ofthe clutch unit. The clutch actuation force and the size of the enginecase are inevitably increased.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention was conceived in consideration of thecircumstances mentioned above, and it is an object of the presentinvention to provide an engine for a motorcycle capable of reducing thecapacity of a clutch unit to thereby reduce the clutch actuation forceand, at the same time, also capable of miniaturizing an engine case andreducing noise caused by engagement of gears to thereby improvequietness of the engine, and provide substantially even lateral weightdistribution of the engine.

The above and other objects can be achieved according to the presentinvention by providing, in one aspect, an engine for a motorcycle,comprising:

an engine case;

a crankshaft rotatably supported in the engine case and extending in awidth direction therein;

an intermediate shaft disposed in substantially parallel to thecrankshaft so as to be rotated by the crankshaft at a same speed as thatof the crankshaft via a primary drive gear and a primary driven gear;

a transmission input shaft disposed in substantially parallel to theintermediate shaft so as to be rotated by the intermediate shaft at areduced speed via a secondary drive gear and a secondary driven gear;

a transmission output shaft disposed in substantially parallel to thetransmission input shaft so as to be rotated by the transmission inputshaft at a changed speed via any combination of a plurality oftransmission drive gears and transmission driven gears; and

a clutch unit mounted on the intermediate shaft for transmitting andinterrupting rotation of the intermediate shaft to the transmissioninput shaft.

In a preferred embodiment of the above aspect, the intermediate shaftmay have one end portion protruding outward through a sidewall of theengine case, the clutch unit may be disposed on the protruding end ofthe intermediate shaft, the secondary drive gear may be mounted on theintermediate shaft between the clutch unit and the sidewall of theengine case, the primary driven gear may be positioned so as to opposeto the secondary drive gear with the side wall of the engine casedisposed therebetween, and the primary driven gear may be meshed withthe primary drive gear on the crankshaft.

The primary driven gear may be a scissors gear.

The motorcycle engine may further include a bevel gear housing disposedon a side of the engine case opposite to a side adjacent to the clutchunit, wherein a longitudinally extending final output shaft isincorporated in the bevel gear housing so as to be rotatably supportedtherein, and a drive bevel gear mounted on an end portion of thetransmission output shaft is meshed with a driven bevel gear mounted onthe final output shaft inside the bevel gear housing.

The motorcycle engine may further include a clutch release mechanismmounted on the intermediate shaft remote from the clutch unit, aflywheel magneto mounted on an end portion of the crankshaft opposite toa side adjacent to the clutch unit, and a damper mechanism mounted onthe final output shaft and in front of the driven bevel gear, whereinthe flywheel magneto is covered with a magneto cover, the dampermechanism is covered with the bevel gear housing, and the clutch releasemechanism is disposed between the magneto cover and the bevel gearhousing.

The intermediate shaft may have a hollow structure in which a clutchrelease rod for the clutch release mechanism is inserted.

The motorcycle engine may further include a balancer weight for dampingengine vibration mounted on the intermediate shaft so as to be rotatedintegrally with the intermediate shaft.

It may be further desirable that the engine case has a structuredividable into upper and lower sections, and four shafts of thecrankshaft, the intermediate shaft, the transmission input shaft, andthe transmission output shaft are rotatably supported at a matingsurface of the engine case so that the four shafts are aligned on astraight line as seen in a side view of the motorcycle.

According to the engine for a motorcycle according to the presentinvention of the structure mentioned above, the rotation of thecrankshaft is transmitted to the clutch unit at the same speed as thatof the crankshaft, so that the shaft torque acting on the clutch unitcan be significantly reduced in comparison with a conventionaltransmission of the rotation of the crankshaft to the clutch unit atreduced speed. This allows a reduction in the capacity of the clutchunit (size reduction) and thus allows a reduction in the clutchactuation force and miniaturization of the engine case.

Since the transmission input shaft is rotated by the intermediate shaftat a reduced speed, the gear ratio between the transmission input shaftand the transmission output shaft can be reduced, and the distancebetween the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaftcan be reduced. This can contribute to the miniaturization of the enginecase.

The primary drive gear and the primary driven gear are disposed insidethe sidewall of the engine case, and a scissors gear is used as theprimary driven gear. Therefore, noise caused by the engagement of theprimary drive gear and the primary driven gear can be significantlyreduced, providing improved quietness of the engine.

Furthermore, since the bevel gear housing is disposed opposite to theclutch unit, the distances between the rotating shafts within the enginecase can be reduced, and the engine case can be hence miniaturized. Atthe same time, the bevel gear housing and the clutch unit, both beingheavy, can be arranged so as to be divided in both sides in the enginecase, thus allowing substantially even lateral weight distribution ofthe engine.

Further, the bevel gear housing is disposed behind the intermediateshaft, and the clutch release mechanism is disposed on the intermediateshaft so as to be remote from the clutch unit and in front of the bevelgear housing. Therefore, interference between the bevel gear housing andthe clutch release mechanism can be prevented or reduced, the distancebetween the intermediate shaft and the transmission output shaft can beshortened, and the engine case can be miniaturized.

In addition, the balancer weight for engine vibration damping isdisposed on the intermediate shaft so as to rotate integrally with theintermediate shaft. Therefore, the shaft on which the clutch unit ismounted can be constituted as a common shaft for the balancer shaft,which can contribute to a reduction in the number of shafts rotatablysupported in the engine case, thus making compact the engine case.

The engine case has a dividable structure composed of upper and lowersections, and the four shafts of the crankshaft, the intermediate shaft,the transmission input shaft, and the transmission output shaft arearranged on the mating surface of the upper and lower case sections.Accordingly, the number of divisions of the engine case can beminimized, while at the same time, the stiffness of the engine case canbe enhanced and the noise caused by the engagement of gears can befurther reduced.

The nature and further characteristic features of the motorcycle engineof the present invention will be made clearer from the followingdescriptions made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a left side view of an example of a motorcycle mounted with anengine according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the engine; and

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a lower case half along a mating surface of anengine case.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be describedhereunder with reference to the accompanying drawings. Further, it is tobe noted that terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left” and the like termsare used herein with reference to the illustration of the drawings or ina general standing state of a motorcycle.

With reference to FIG. 1 being a left-side view of a motorcycle 1, themotorcycle 1 includes a double-cradle body frame 2 formed mainly from asteel pipe. A V-twin engine 3 which has front and rear cylinders isincorporated in a front area in the body frame 2 (i.e., double-cradlepart). A fuel tank 4 is disposed on the body frame 2 above the V-engine3. A seat 5 and a rear cowling 6 are disposed in order behind the fueltank 4. A pair of left and right steps 7 are disposed adjacent to thelower front portion of the V-engine 3. A radiator 8 is disposed in thefront portion of the body frame 2.

A front fork 10 supporting a front wheel 9 is supported at the frontarea of the body frame 2 together with a handle bar 11, a front cowling12 and a front fender 13 so as to be freely pivotal in the lateraldirection. A swing arm 17 supporting a rear wheel 16 is supported by apivot shaft 15 laterally hanging in the central lower portion of thebody frame 2 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction. Arear-wheel suspension 18 is disposed adjacent to the base of the swingarm 17.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the V-engine 3 includes two cylindersinclining in the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle (frontcylinder 21F and rear cylinder 21R) disposed above an engine case 20.The V-bank angle between the cylinders 21F and 21R is set at a narrowangle, for example, about 55°. An intake device 22 is disposed above thecylinders 21F and 21R. The output of the V-engine 3 can be transmittedto the rear wheel 16 via, for example, a drive shaft 23 passing throughthe inside of the swing arm 17.

The intake device 22 includes a single center air cleaner 26, two (leftand right) side air cleaners 27, and two throttle bodies 24 individuallyconnected to intake ports opened in opposing surfaces of the frontcylinder 21F and the rear cylinder 21R. The center air cleaner 26 isdisposed above a V-bank defined between the front cylinder 21F and therear cylinder 21R and in a recess formed in the bottom of the fuel tank4. The side air cleaners 27 are disposed on left and right sides of theV-bank.

The engine case 20 of the V-engine 3 has a structure dividable intoupper and lower sections in which an upper case half 31 and a lower casehalf 32 are joined at a mating surface 33. In a side view of themotorcycle, the mating surface 33 and a lower case surface 34 aresubstantially parallel to each other and are inclined downwardly fromrear to front. The engine case 20 is provided with an oil filter 36 at afront lower portion, with an oil pan 37 on the lower case surface 34,with a bevel gear housing 39 at a left-side rear portion, and with abreather case 40 on the upper rear surface.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the lower case half 32 along the mating surface33. At the mating surface 33, a laterally extending crankshaft 43 isrotatably supported at the most front portion, and an intermediate shaft44, a transmission input shaft 45, and a transmission output shaft 46are sequentially disposed substantially in parallel to each other behindthe crankshaft 43. The rotating shafts 43, 44, 45, and 46 are rotatablysupported so as to be aligned with each other as viewed from a side ofthe motorcycle. A magneto cover 48 is coated onto the left side of theengine case 20, and a clutch cover 49 is coated onto the right side ofthe engine case 20.

At the intermediate portion of the crankshaft 43, a crank pin 52connected to two connecting rods 51 and a crank arm 53 are integrallyformed. A flywheel magneto 54 and a starter driven gear 55 are mountedon the left end of the crankshaft 43. A primary drive gear 56 is mountedon the right end of the crankshaft 43. The primary drive gear 56 ismeshed with a primary driven gear 57 mounted on the intermediate shaft44 and having teeth of the same number as those of the primary drivegear 56. This enables the intermediate shaft 44 to be rotated by thecrankshaft 43 at the same speed via the primary drive gear 56 and theprimary driven gear 57.

The intermediate shaft 44 is provided with three balancer weights 58 fordamping an engine vibration so that the balancer weights 58 rotateintegrally with the intermediate shaft 44. The balancer weights 58 serveto cancel vibration of the V-engine 3. The primary driven gear 57 may beformed as a double scissors gear to reduce noise caused by theengagement of gears.

The right end of the intermediate shaft 44 protrudes outward through asidewall 59 constituting a right side of the engine case 20. Amulti-plate clutch unit 61 is disposed on the protruding end of theintermediate shaft 44. A secondary drive gear 62 is disposed between theclutch unit 61 and the sidewall 59. The primary driven gear 57 and theprimary drive gear 56 are situated opposite to the secondary drive gear62 with the sidewall 59 disposed therebetween, that is, they aresituated to the left of the sidewall 59.

A clutch release mechanism 63 is disposed on the intermediate shaft 44remote from the clutch unit 61 (i.e., to the left) and in front of thebevel gear housing 39. The intermediate shaft 44 is a hollow shaft inwhich a clutch release rod 64 is incorporated. The secondary drive gear62 usually rotates integrally with the intermediate shaft 44. However,when a clutch lever 65 disposed on the handle bar 11 of the motorcycle 1is gripped, the clutch release mechanism 63 presses the clutch releaserod 64, the clutch engagement of the clutch unit 61 is released, and thesecondary drive gear 62 becomes rotatable around the intermediate shaft44. A rotation auxiliary drive gear 66 is disposed adjacent and to theleft side of the secondary drive gear 62. The rotation auxiliary drivegear 66 is connected to the intermediate shaft 44 to be always rotatableintegrally with the intermediate shaft 44.

A transmission device 72 is composed of: the transmission input shaft 45and the transmission output shaft 46, which are rotatably supported atthe rear part of the mating surface 33; transmission drive gears 69 andtransmission driven gears 70, both of which may be, for example, 5-speedtransmission gears; and a gear change operation mechanism 71 (see FIG.2) which is disposed below the transmission input shaft 45 and thetransmission output shaft 46.

The gear change operation mechanism 71 includes a shift drum 73 and aplurality of shift forks 74.

A secondary driven gear 78 provided with a shock absorbing damper 77 ismounted on the right end of the transmission input shaft 45, and thesecondary driven gear 78 is meshed with the secondary drive gear 62mounted on the intermediate shaft 44. The number of teeth of thesecondary driven gear 78 is larger than that of the secondary drive gear62. Therefore, the transmission input shaft 45 is rotated by theintermediate shaft 44 at a reduced speed via the secondary drive gear 62and the secondary driven gear 78. The transmission output shaft 46 isrotated by the transmission input shaft 45 at a changed speed via anycombination of the transmission drive gears 69 and the transmissiondriven gears 70.

The bevel gear housing 39 is disposed on the side of the engine case 20(in this case, left side) opposite to the side adjacent to the clutchunit 61 and behind the intermediate shaft 44. A drive bevel gear 79 isdisposed on the left end of the transmission output shaft 46. A finaloutput shaft 81 extending longitudinally is rotatably supported in thebevel gear housing 39. A driven bevel gear 83 is mounted on the finaloutput shaft 81 through a cam damper mechanism 82 and meshed with thedrive bevel gear 79.

The cam damper mechanism 82 is positioned in front of the driven bevelgear 83, which is disposed on the final output shaft 81 so as to rotatefreely. In the cam damper mechanism 82, a driven torque cam 82 a ismeshed with a drive torque cam 82 c via a swashplate cam 82 d by meansof biasing force of a spring 82 b. The driven torque cam 82 a isdisposed on the final output shaft 81 so as to rotate integrally withthe final output shaft 81 and to be freely slidable in the axialdirection.

When an overtorque occurs between the final output shaft 81 and thedriven bevel gear 83, the driven torque cam 82 a is separated from thedrive torque cam 82 c against the biasing force of the spring 82 b dueto thrust force of the swashplate cam 82 d, so that the overtorque isabsorbed. The gear ratio between the drive bevel gear 79 and the drivenbevel gear 83 can be 1:1, for example.

The final output shaft 81 is connected to the drive shaft 23 via auniversal joint 85 so that the final output shaft 81 rotates integrallywith the drive shaft 23. Therefore, the rotation of the crankshaft 43 istransmitted to the intermediate shaft 44, the rotation of theintermediate shaft 44 is transmitted to the clutch unit 61, the rotationof the clutch unit 61 is transmitted to the transmission input shaft 45,the rotation of the transmission input shaft 45 is transmitted to thetransmission output shaft 46, the rotation of the transmission outputshaft 46 is transmitted to the final output shaft 81, the rotation ofthe final output shaft 81 is transmitted to the drive shaft 23, and thenthe rotation of the drive shaft 23 is transmitted to the rear wheel 16.During the gear changing operation of the transmission device 72, theclutch unit 61 interrupts the transmission of the rotation of theintermediate shaft 44 to the transmission input shaft 45 to smoothlyperform the gear change operation.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, auxiliaries (auxiliary equipments) forrotation, such as a water pump 88 and an oil pump, are disposed in frontof the gear change operation mechanism 71 and below the mating surface33 of the engine case 20. In this embodiment, the water pump 88 isdisposed on the left side of the engine case 20, and the oil pump, notshown, is disposed in a lower portion inside the engine case 20. Therotation auxiliaries are mounted on a single auxiliary drive shaft 89rotatably supported below the intermediate shaft 44. The auxiliary driveshaft 89 is provided with a rotation auxiliary driven gear, not shown,and the rotation auxiliary driven gear is meshed with the rotationauxiliary drive gear 66 on the intermediate shaft 44.

An engine starter device 92 is disposed in front of the crankshaft 43and above the mating surface 33 of the engine case 20. The enginestarter device 92 includes a starter motor 93, a starter idle gear 94,and a starter drive gear 95. The starter drive gear 95 is meshed withthe starter driven gear 55 on the crankshaft 43.

The rear-wheel suspension 18 includes an extendable rear cushion unit 98and two types of links 99 and 100. The rear cushion unit 98 isextendable along the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle body. Inthe side view of the motorcycle, the rear cushion unit 98 is disposed ata position lower than the swing arm 17 and is positioned substantiallybeneath the pivot shaft 15.

As described above, for the engine case 20 of the V-engine 3, the matingsurface 33, at which the upper case half 31 is in contact with the lowercase half 32, and the lower case surface 34 are substantially parallelto each other and are inclined downwardly from rear to front, and thelower rear portion of the engine case 20 is raised. The rear cushionunit 98 is disposed so that the front portion thereof is inserted into aspace under the raised portion. Below the rear portion of the enginecase 20, the front end of the rear cushion unit 98 is connected to abridge member 101 extending laterally on the lower portion of the bodyframe 2.

The top end of the link 99 is connected to a link blanket 102 disposedon an intermediate portion of the swing arm 17 so that the link 99 canfreely swing. The bottom end of the link 99 is connected to the rear endof the rear cushion unit 98. One end of the link 100 is connected to alink plate 103 disposed on the lower portion of the body frame 2 so thatthe link 100 can freely swing. The other end of the link 100 isconnected to an intermediate portion of the link 99 so that the link 100can freely swing. Therefore, when the swing arm 17 is swung upward, thelink 100 causes the link 99 to swing clockwise (in FIG. 2), and the rearcushion unit 98 is compressed by means of the link 99.

As described above, the front portion of the rear cushion unit 98 isdisposed below the rear portion of the engine case 20. Therefore, therear wheel 16 can be brought near to the V-engine 3 without raising theposition of mounting the whole structure of the V-engine 3 and theposition of the center of gravity of the body, the distortion of theswing arm 17 can be prevented or reduced by shortening the swing arm 17,and the running stability of the motorcycle can be improved.

The oil pan 37, which protrudes downward from the lower case surface 34of the engine case 20, has a length enough to cover a portion below thecrankshaft 43 through a portion below the intermediate shaft 44. Thebridge member 101, to which the front end of the rear cushion unit 98 isattached, is disposed behind the rear end wall of the oil pan 37. In theside view of the motorcycle, the bottom of each of the oil filter 36,the oil pan 37, and the rear cushion unit 98 is positioned above thelowermost portion of the body frame 2.

For the V-engine 3 of the motorcycle 1, the clutch unit 61 is mounted onthe intermediate shaft 44 supported behind the crankshaft 43, and therotation of the crankshaft 43 is transmitted to the clutch unit 61 atthe same speed. Compared with a conventional engine in which therotation of a crankshaft is transmitted to a clutch unit at a reducedspeed, the shaft torque acting on the clutch unit 61 can besignificantly reduced. Therefore, the capacity of the clutch unit 61 canbe reduced, and the outer diameter and width dimension of the clutchunit 61 can be reduced. Thus, the clutch actuation force can be reduced,and the engine case 20 can be miniaturized.

Since the transmission input shaft 45 is rotated by the intermediateshaft 44 at the reduced speed, the gear ratio (i.e., difference in theouter diameter) between the transmission drive gear 69 on thetransmission input shaft 45 and the transmission driven gear 70 on thetransmission output shaft 46 can be reduced, and the distance betweenthe transmission input shaft 45 and the transmission output shaft 46 canbe reduced. This can contribute to miniaturization of the engine case20.

Furthermore, since the primary drive gear 56 and the primary driven gear57 are disposed inside the sidewall 59 of the engine case 20, thepropagation of noise caused through the engagement of gears to theoutside of the engine case 20 can be prevented or reduced by coveringthe gears 56 and 57, which generate large noise because they are primarygears, with two members of the sidewall 59 and the clutch cover 49.Therefore, quietness of the V-engine 3 can be significantly improved.Further, the use of a scissors gear as the primary driven gear 57contributes greatly to a reduction in the noise caused by the engagementof gears.

In addition, since the bevel gear housing 39 is disposed so as to opposeto the clutch unit 61, the distances between the rotating shafts 43, 44,45, and 46 in the engine case 20 can be reduced, and the longitudinaldimensions of the engine case 20 can be hence reduced. At the same time,the heavy bevel gear housing 39 and the heave clutch unit 61 can bearranged so as to be divided in both sides in the engine case 20, thusallowing substantially even lateral weight distribution of the V-engine3.

The bevel gear housing 39 is disposed behind the intermediate shaft 44,and the clutch release mechanism 63 is disposed on the intermediateshaft 44 remote from the clutch unit 61 and in front of the bevel gearhousing 39. Accordingly, the interference between the bevel gear housing39 and the clutch release mechanism 63 can be prevented or reduced, thedistance between the intermediate shaft 44 and the transmission outputshaft 46 can be shortened, and the engine case 20 can be miniaturized.

Still furthermore, the balancer weights 58 for damping the enginevibration are disposed on the intermediate shaft 44 so as to be rotatedintegrally therewith. Therefore, the shaft on which the clutch unit 61is mounted can be constructed commonly as the balancer shaft, which cancontribute to the reduction in the number of shafts rotatably supportedin the engine case 20 and miniaturization of the engine case 20.

The engine case 20 has a dividable structure into upper and lowersections, and the four shafts of the crankshaft 43, the intermediateshaft 44, the transmission input shaft 45 and the transmission outputshaft 46 are arranged on the mating surface 33. Therefore, the number ofdivisions of the engine case 20 can be minimized while, at the sametime, the stiffness of the engine case 20 can be improved and the noisecaused by the engagement of gears can be further reduced.

The V-twin engine in the described embodiment can be replaced with anyengine as long as a shaft rotatably supported in an engine case extendslaterally. A wide range of engines can be applied, irrespective of thenumber of cylinders and the configuration of cylinders.

It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to thedescribed embodiment mentioned above and many other changes andmodifications may be made without departing from the scopes of theappended claims.

1. An engine for a motorcycle, comprising: an engine case; a crankshaftrotatably supported in the engine case and extending in a widthdirection therein; an intermediate shaft disposed in substantiallyparallel to the crankshaft so as to be rotated by the crankshaft at asame speed as that of the crankshaft via a primary drive gear and aprimary driven gear; a transmission input shaft disposed insubstantially parallel to the intermediate shaft so as to be rotated bythe intermediate shaft at a reduced speed via a secondary drive gear anda secondary driven gear; a transmission output shaft disposed insubstantially parallel to the transmission input shaft so as to berotated by the transmission input shaft at a changed speed via anycombination of a plurality of transmission drive gears and transmissiondriven gears; and a clutch unit mounted on the intermediate shaft fortransmitting and interrupting rotation of the intermediate shaft to thetransmission input shaft.
 2. The motorcycle engine according to claim 1,wherein the intermediate shaft has one end portion protruding outwardthrough a sidewall of the engine case, the clutch unit is disposed onthe protruding end of the intermediate shaft, the secondary drive gearis mounted on the intermediate shaft between the clutch unit and thesidewall of the engine case, the primary driven gear is positioned so asto oppose to the secondary drive gear with the side wall of the enginecase disposed therebetween, and the primary driven gear is meshed withthe primary drive gear on the crankshaft.
 3. The motorcycle engineaccording to claim 1, wherein the primary driven gear is a scissorsgear.
 4. The motorcycle engine according to claim 1, further comprisinga bevel gear housing disposed on a side of the engine case opposite to aside adjacent to the clutch unit, wherein a longitudinally extendingfinal output shaft is incorporated in the bevel gear housing so as to berotatably supported therein, and a drive bevel gear mounted on an endportion of the transmission output shaft is meshed with a driven bevelgear mounted on the final output shaft inside the bevel gear housing. 5.The motorcycle engine according to claim 4, further comprising a clutchrelease mechanism mounted on the intermediate shaft remote from theclutch unit, a flywheel magneto mounted on an end portion of thecrankshaft opposite to a side adjacent to the clutch unit, and a dampermechanism mounted on the final output shaft and in front of the drivenbevel gear, wherein the flywheel magneto is covered with a magnetocover, the damper mechanism is covered with the bevel gear housing, andthe clutch release mechanism is disposed between the magneto cover andthe bevel gear housing.
 6. The motorcycle engine according to claim 5,wherein the intermediate shaft has a hollow structure in which a clutchrelease rod for the clutch release mechanism is inserted.
 7. Themotorcycle engine according to claim 1, further comprising a balancerweight for damping engine vibration mounted on the intermediate shaft soas to be rotated integrally with the intermediate shaft.
 8. Themotorcycle engine according to claim 1, wherein the engine case has astructure dividable into upper and lower sections, and four shafts ofthe crankshaft, the intermediate shaft, the transmission input shaft,and the transmission output shaft are rotatably supported at a matingsurface of the engine case so that the four shafts are aligned on astraight line as seen in a side view of the motorcycle.